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Guhitamo no gukoresha ibikoresho byo gupima imyuka ihumanya ikirere n'ibitangaza mu kazi
Ibikoresho byo gutahura imyuka n'ibitangaza ni iby'ibigo birinda impanuka mu bigo bicunga umutekano w'ibikorwa by'ibigo. Ahantu imyuka ishobora gutwika, guturika, uburozi n'ibyangiza igaragara mu gihe cyo gukora no kubika no gutwara, ibigo bigomba gushyiraho ibikoresho byo gutahura imyuka n'ibitangaza kugira ngo bigenzurwe mu buryo nyabwo kandi bihure ku gihe kugira ngo birinde impanuka z'abantu, inkongi y'umuriro n'ibiturika no kwemeza ko umusaruro w'ibigo ukora neza.
Iyi nkuru itanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku ngingo nyinshi, itanga ibitekerezo ku bigo mu guhitamo no gukoresha ibikoresho byo gutahura imyuka n'ibitangaza.
1. Ahantu ho gupima imyuka n'ibikoresho byo gutanga amakuru bigomba gushyirwa
Umusivili Pkugabanyirizwa ibiciro
● Ingo n'ahantu ho gutura, uturere dukoresha gazi nko mu gikoni dufite ibyuma bishyushya amazi n'amashyiga bya gazi.
● Mu gikoni hakorerwa imirimo y'amaresitora na za kantini, hagomba gushyirwaho inzogera imwe ikoresha gazi kuri buri metero kare 50 z'amashyiga ya gazi, kandi intera iri hagati y'aho isohoka (nk'amavali n'aho imiyoboro ihurira) ntigomba kurenza metero 5.
● Igendanwa y'abantu bane muri kimwe Igipima Gazis (ishobora gutahura imyuka ishobora gushya, ogisijeni, monoksade karubone na sulfide ya hydrogen) igomba gushyirwa ku muryango w'imiyoboro ya gazi. Ibiriba, Ibiriba by'amazi mabi n'ibindi bikoresho biri mu mazu yo munsi y'ubutaka no mu magaraje yo munsi y'ubutaka.
● Ibikoresho byo gupima umwuka wa ogisijeni n'ibikangura bigomba gushyirwa mu byumba by'uburyo bwo gutanga umwuka wa ogisijeni mu bigo byita ku bageze mu za bukuru cyangwa mu bitaro. Igipimo cy'ibizamini byo kubura umwuka wa ogisijeni ni 19.5%VOL, naho ku bizamini byo kongera umwuka wa ogisijeni, ni 23.5%VOL.
Inganda Sikintu
● Utwuma dupima gazi dukoreshwa mu gutwika tugomba gushyirwa ahantu hakoreshwa gazi.
● Ahantu hakorerwa, habikwa kandi hakoreshwa imyuka n'ibinyabutabire bishobora gushya hamwe n'ibyiciro by'ibyago by'inkongi by'ubwoko bwa A na B hagomba kuba hari ibikoresho bipima imyuka ishobora gushya.
● Mu bikorwa, mu bubiko no mu ikoreshwa ry’ibintu bikoresha amazi ashobora gushya afite icyiciro cya C gishobora gutera ibyago by’inkongi, iyo ubushyuhe bw’imikorere burenze urugero rw’amazi nk’ayo yo mu cyiciro cya C, hagomba gushyirwaho ibikoresho bipima gazi ishobora gushya.
● Mu gihe cyo kubika, iyo ibintu bishobora gutanga imyuka itwika iyo bihuye n'amazi, hagomba gushyirwaho ibikoresho bipima imyuka itwika (nk'ibiri mu bubiko bwa karubone ya calcium).
● Iyo hakorwa, habikwa kandi hakoreshwa ibintu bikubiyemo ishyirwaho rya Gupima imyuka y'uburozibikorwa, hagomba gushyirwaho ibikoresho bipima imyuka ihumanya.
● Muri rusange, mu gace gakorerwamo ubushakashatsi muri laboratwari y’ubuhanga mu by’imiti n’ubutabire, ntabwo hakenewe gushyirwaho ibikoresho bipima imyuka itwika n’iy’uburozi, ariko mu gace gashyirwamo ibikoresho bipima imyuka ihumanya, hagomba gushyirwaho ibikoresho bipima imyuka ihumanya.
● Utwuma dupima ubwinshi bw'umwuka wa ogisijeni tugomba gushyirwa ahantu hafunze cyangwa hafunze neza aho umwuka wa ogisijeni cyangwa imyuka idafite umwuka uhagije ubikwa, ukoreshwa, cyangwa aho umwuka wa ogisijeni cyangwa imyuka idafite umwuka mwinshi ushobora gukorwa.
2. Ibintu byo gupima n'amahame y'ibirango byo gupima gaze
Ikintu cyo gutahura gazi
● Gazi ishobora gushya: Gazi, iyo ivanze n'umwuka mu rugero runaka, ikora ahantu hashobora guturika.
● Imyuka y'uburozi n'iy'uburozi: Imyuka itera ingaruka mbi, indwara cyangwa urupfu ku bantu iyo bahumetse cyangwa bahumeka ku rugero runaka.
● Ogisijeni: Igice cy'ingano ya ogisijeni mu kirere ni hafi 20.9%. Iyo ogisijeni igabanutse munsi ya 19.5%, bifatwa nk'aho ari hypoxia. Hypoxia ishobora kugira ingaruka ku ngingo nyinshi z'umubiri w'umuntu ndetse ikaba yanahitana.
| Nimero y'uruhererekane | Amahame yo gupima mu byiciro | Ihame | Ibiranga by'ingenzi |
| 1 | Ubwoko bw'umuriro wa Catalytic | Mu gihe cy’ibikorwa bya catalyst (nk’insinga ya platine), imyuka isharira irashya idacana umuriro, irekura ubushyuhe buzamura ubushyuhe bw’ikintu cyo kuyimenya, bigatera impinduka mu gaciro k’ubudahangarwa (ihame ry’ikiraro cya Wheatstone), kandi igatanga ikimenyetso cy’amashanyarazi gihuye n’ubwinshi bwa gazi. | Ogisijeni irakenewe (kunanirwa mu kirere kitagira ogisijeni), kandi ikunze kwibasirwa n'uburozi buturuka ku bintu nka sulfide na silicones. Porogaramu: Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupima imyuka ishobora gushya (methane, propane, nibindi), ikimenyetso cy'umusaruro kigaragara muri %LEL |
| 2 | Ubwoko bw'amashanyarazi | Imyuka igomba gupimwa inyura mu ruhu rw'umwuka ijya kuri electrode ikora muri electrolyte, aho habaho oxidation/reduction reactions, bigatuma habaho ikimenyetso cy'umuvuduko udakomeye ujyanye n'ubwinshi bw'umwuka. | Ikenera umwuka muto wa ogisijeni kugira ngo ikomeze gukora, igirwaho ingaruka n'impinduka mu bushuhe n'umuvuduko, kandi ifite ubushobozi bwo guhitamo imyuka ihumanya (nka CO na H₂S) Porogaramu: Gupima imyuka ihumanya ku rwego rwa PPM, nko mu nganda Itangazo ry'imyuka y'uburozis n'ibimenyesha monoxide ya karubone mu ngo |
| 3 | Guhindura imiterere y'ifoto (PID) | Mu gukoresha urumuri rwa ultraviolet (photoni zifite ingufu nyinshi) kugira ngo hakururwe molekile za gaze kugira ngo zigire iyoni, ioni nziza na negative polarity zikorwa, zigakora ikimenyetso cy'amashanyarazi gihuye n'ubwinshi bw'amashanyarazi. Nyuma yo kugira iyoni, molekile zishobora kongera kwihuza zitangiritse. | Ubushobozi bwo kumenya ibintu byinshi (ppb level), bukwiriye mu gutahura ibintu bihumanya ikirere (VOCS) |
| 4 | Ubwoko bwa infrared | Hashingiwe ku miterere y’uburyo molecule za gazi zifata urumuri rwa infrared rw’uburebure bwihariye bw’uburebure, ingano y’urumuri rwa infrared ibarwa hapimwa urwego rw’ubukana bw’urumuri rwa infrared, harimo isoko y’urumuri, icyumba cya gaze gipimirwa, icyumba cya gaze gikoreshwa n’icyuma gipima | Ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya uburozi, ntikenera ogisijeni, imara igihe kirekire (imyaka 5-10), kandi ikwiriye hydrocarbons na CO₂ Tegereza ikizamini |
3. Imiterere y'ibikoresho ishobora kugabanywamo ubwoko bwa sisitemu n'ubwoko bwigenga
● Uburyo bwo gutahura imyuka n'ibikoresho byo gutanga amakuru
Sisitemu yo gutahura amakuru igizwe n'ibikoresho byinshi bipima gazi, icyuma gipima amakuru (host), na sisitemu yo hejuru yo kugenzura mudasobwa ishyigikira igenzura rusange, kubika amakuru, no gutanga amakuru aturutse kure.
Imashini zipima gazi (zishyirwamo ibikoresho bikwirakwizwa): Bishyizwe ahantu henshi, bikusanya ingano ya gazi mu gihe nyacyo n'ibimenyetso bisohoka.
Umugenzuzi/Umuhuza：Yakira ibimenyetso byo gupima, yerekana uburyo ibintu byifashe, igatera amajwi n'amatara, kandi igashyigikira umwotsi uhuza, valve zifunga n'ibindi bikoresho.
Porogaramu ya mudasobwa yo hejuruIhujwe na host binyuze muri bisi cyangwa umuyoboro udafite umugozi, ikora inyandiko z'amakuru, isesengura umurongo, ibibazo by'amateka no gukora raporo.
Ingero zisanzwe zo gukoresha: ahantu ho gukorera peteroli, ahantu ho kubika ibintu, no ku miyoboro miremire; Ibirombe by'amakara byo munsi y'ubutaka, ahantu ho gushushanya ibyuma n'ahandi hakenera ikurikiranwa ry'ubufatanye mu turere twinshi.
● Igikoresho cyo gupima imyuka cyigenga n'icyo gutanga integuza
Igikoresho kimwe gitwarwa cyangwa gihamye gihuza sensor, alarm n'amasoko y'amashanyarazi, kidasaba interineti kandi gishobora kurangiza imirimo yo kumenya no gutanga alarm ku giti cyacyo.
Igishushanyo mbonera gihujwe: Moduli ya sensor, microprocessor, icyuma gitanga amajwi n'urumuri, hamwe na module ya bateri/amashanyarazi byose bihujwe mu cyumba kimwe.
Intabaza yo mu gace: Iyo ubunini burenze urugero, itara ry’icyuma cy’itumanaho n’urumuri rwa LED bizatangira gukangurwa. Hari ubwoko bumwe bushyigikira intabaza y’ijwi ihindagurika (ishobora gutwarwa).
Ingero zisanzwe zo gukoresha: laboratwari, ububiko buto, n'ibikorwa by'ahantu hafunganye (nk'isukura imyanda n'ibigega byo kubikamo imyanda); Gutahura imyanda iva mu ngo, uburinzi bw'umuntu ku giti cye bugendanwa (nk'abashushanya, abagenzuzi ba gazi).
Igitekerezo cyo guhitamo: Hitamo ukurikije agace k'aho ukorera, urwego rw'ibyago byo gusohoka kwa gaze n'ibisabwa mu gucunga. Ku duce dufite ibyago byinshi n'ibinini, uburyo bwo gukora ibintu bugomba guhabwa umwanya wa mbere. Akazi k'igihe gito cyangwa ahantu hato hashobora kuzuzwa n'ibikoresho byihariye.
4. Ibisabwa kugira ngo uburebure bw'insinga z'umuriro/gaze zirimo uburozi bushyirweho
| Urukurikirane umubare | Gushyira mu byiciro | Uburebure bw'inyubako | Ishingiro |
| 1 | Imyuka iremereye kurusha umwuka (nk'imyuka ya peteroli na propane) | Hari hagati ya metero 0.3 na 0.6 uvuye ku rwego rwo hasi (cyangwa hasi)Ibintu byihariye: Mu mazu yo munsi cyangwa mu duce turi hasi, uburebure bw'aho bashyiramo bugomba kugabanuka bukagera kuri santimetero 15 kugeza kuri 30. Mu gihe kiri hagati ya metero 1 n'aho amazi asohoka mu byuma byo kubikamo ibintu, uburebure bw'aho bashyiramo bugomba kuba hagati ya metero 0.3 na 0.5.) | Gusohora umwuka mwinshi bishobora kurohama no kwirundanya. Kuwushyira hafi y'ubutaka bishobora guhita bimenya urwego rw'ubwinshi bw'umwuka |
| 2 | Imyuka yoroshye kurusha umwuka (nk'umwuka karemano na hydrogen) | Ni byiza kuba hejuru ya metero 0.5 kugeza kuri 2 ugereranyije n'aho irekurwa cyangwa nturenze santimetero 30 uvuye ku gisenge (Imiterere yihariye: Mu nyubako y’uruganda ifunze, hagomba gushyirwamo ibintu bibiri hejuru y’aho birekurwa no hejuru y’inyubako y’uruganda (aho bishobora gukururana). | Iyo gazi yoroheje iva, izazamuka kandi inzira izamuka ya gazi igomba gupfukwa |
| 3 | Imyuka ifite ubucucike buri hafi y’ubw’umwuka (nk’umwuka wa monoxide wa karuboni na hydrogen cyanide) | Ni metero 1 kugeza kuri 1.5 uvuye ku butaka, cyangwa muri metero 1 hejuru cyangwa munsi y'aho isoko irekurwa | Iyo myuka ikunze kwivanga no gukwirakwira mu mwuka, bityo umwanya uhagaze ugomba kwitabwaho |
5. Igikoresho gishya cyo gupima gazi gikoresha insinga cya 4G
Ahantu hamwe na hamwe hadasanzwe aho nta muriro cyangwa insinga zihari bigoranye (nk'aho lisansi ikorera, aho basiga imiti, n'ibindi), ibigo bishobora gukoresha ibikoresho bishya byo gupima gazi bidafite insinga bya 4G bikoresha bateri za lithium, bihuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gupima amashanyarazi n'imikorere y'itumanaho ridafite insinga (nka LoRa, NB-IoT/4G), kandi bifite inyungu z'ingenzi zo gukoresha ingufu nke, kudasaba insinga, no kuyikoresha vuba.
Ibiranga tekiniki by'ingenzi
● Ingufu za bateri n'ikoreshwa ry'amashanyarazi rike cyane
Ikoresha bateri ya lithiyumu ya 3.8V (ifite ubushobozi bwa 16-50Ah, ishobora guhindurwa), hamwe na algorithme y'ubwenge yo gucunga ikoreshwa ry'ingufu kugira ngo igere ku gihe kirekire cyo guhagarara cy'imyaka 2 n'ubuzima bwo gukora kugeza ku myaka 5. Hakoreshejwe sensor za infrared zifite ingufu nke n'ikoranabuhanga rya MEMS (nk'ishusho ya Figaro TGS8410 ifite ingufu za 0.087mW gusa), ikoreshwa ry'ingufu riragabanuka kandi ubushobozi bwo gutahura burushaho kwiyongera.
Ibikoresho bikoresha bateri bifite inshingano zo kwerekana aho bateri iri cyangwa gukoresha bateri nke. Igikoresho gishobora kongera gukoreshwa gifite imikorere yo kwerekana aho bateri zikoresha. Iyo bateri y'igikoresho gikoresha bateri iri hasi, ishobora gutanga ikimenyetso cyerekana amajwi cyangwa amashusho gitandukanye n'ikimenyetso cy'intabaza.
● Kohereza ubutumwa budafite umugozi no gushyiramo ibintu byoroshye
Ishyigikira protocole zidafite insinga nka LoRa na 4G kugira ngo igere ku ihererekanya ry’amakuru mu buryo bw’igihe nyacyo no kugenzura buri gihe (urugero, MIC-600-L-Ex ishobora guhuzwa na controller ya MIC3000 kugira ngo icunge ibikoresho 1.000) ； Igishushanyo mbonera cyo gushyiraho magnetism, gushyiramo bishobora kurangira mu masegonda 30 nta gucukura cyangwa gufunga insinga, kandi bihuye n’ubuso bw’icyuma (nk’aho hafi y’ibikoresho bitanga lisansi kuri sitasiyo za lisansi).
【Icyitonderwa】
Zimwe mu nyuguti ziri mu mashusho ni izo kuri interineti
Ibikoresho ni ibyo kwamamaza gusa
Niba hari ibibazo by'uburenganzira bw'umwanditsi bifitanye isano
Siga ubutumwa uduhamagare kugira ngo dusibe
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